Which type of controller memory is known to utilize a battery back-up?

The type of controller memory that utilizes a battery back-up is SRAM (CMOS). This memory is designed to retain its data even when the power supply is turned off, provided there is a battery connected. The battery ensures that the contents of the memory are preserved and can be accessed when the system is powered back on.

SRAM is characterized by faster access times and higher reliability compared to other types of volatile memory, making it advantageous for applications where quick data retrieval and retention during power loss are critical. In contrast, other types of memory such as EPROM, Flash memory, and DRAM do not typically rely on battery back-up for data retention. EPROM retains data without power but requires ultraviolet light for erasure; Flash memory can preserve data without power but does not generally require a battery; and DRAM is a volatile memory type that loses its data when power is lost and does not have any built-in back-up functionality.